In preparation for the fire season of 2022, the personnel of the airborne fire service undergo theoretical training in special disciplines at the Bukebaevsky aviation department of the Kazavialesoohrana, such as:
1. Rules for the implementation of aviation works for the protection and protection of the forest fund;
2. Amphibious training;
3. Forest fire equipment and mechanisms;
4. Communication and information;
5. Forest protection and forest fire extinguishing;
6. Occupational health and safety.

Additionally, on the territory of the aviation department, the office building and other premises are cleared of snow, the aviation department is deconservated, fire extinguishing equipment, communications and camp property are checked and prepared. In particular, personnel are being trained to pass standards for physical training and classes on practicing exercises for extinguishing forest fires with the deployment of fire extinguishing equipment.

In preparation for the 2022 fire season, the personnel of the airborne fire service undergo theoretical training in special disciplines at the Ridder aviation department of the Kazavialesoohrana, such as:
1. Rules for the implementation of aviation works for the protection and protection of the forest fund;
2. Amphibious training;
3. Forest fire equipment and mechanisms;
4. Communication and information;
5. Forest protection and forest fire extinguishing;
6. Occupational health and safety.

Additionally, on the territory of the aviation department, the office building and other premises are cleared of snow, the aviation department is deconservated, fire extinguishing equipment, communications and camp property are checked and prepared. In particular, personnel are being trained to pass standards for physical training and classes on practicing exercises for extinguishing forest fires with the deployment of fire extinguishing equipment.

Exams and tests to confirm the qualifications of observer pilots and extend the validity of their flight certificates were held in the following disciplines:
1. Basic rules of flights in the airspace of the Republic of Kazakhstan;

2. Practical aerodynamics;

3. Aircraft navigation and guidance on navigational service in civil aviation;

4. Aviation meteorology;

5. Rules for the implementation of aviation works for the protection and protection of the forest fund;

6. Main flight technical characteristics of the aircraft, instruments, radio equipment and electrical equipment, their flight operation;

7. Rules of amphibious operations and amphibious training;

8. Protection of forests from fires;

9. Prevention of aviation and emergency accidents during forest protection works;

10. Basic tactical and technical characteristics of fire extinguishing equipment, radio communications and special equipment;

11. Occupational health and safety in aviation forest protection.

March 16, 2022 in the "Kazavialesoohrana" (central office) An extended meeting was held with the participation of heads of services and departments of the central office, commanders of aviation units and observer pilots.

During the meeting, reports of heads of services and departments of the central office on the results of the 2021 fire season were heard and discussed. The primary issues of timely preparation for the 2022 fire season were touched upon.

In particular, the meeting considered:

1. Results of the 2021 fire season and tasks for the 2022 fire season;

2. Questions about the Republican Dispatch Service;

3. Accounting questions;

4. Personnel issues;

5. Questions about the collective agreement and the Labor Code;

6. Report on comments in aviation departments;

7. Questions on strengthening work in the media and the implementation of the media plan for 2022;

8. Questions about the conclusion of electronic contracts with potential suppliers;
9. Review of the financial situation for 2022.

In preparation for the fire season of 2022 in the Kokshetau aviation department of the "Kazavialesoohrana", the personnel of the airborne fire service undergo theoretical training in special disciplines, such as:
1. Rules for the implementation of aviation works for the protection and protection of the forest fund;
2. Amphibious training;
3. Forest fire equipment and mechanisms;
4. Communication and information;
5. Forest protection and forest fire extinguishing;
6. Occupational health and safety.

Additionally, on the territory of the aviation department, the office building and other premises are cleared of snow, the aviation department is de-mothballed, fire extinguishing equipment, communications and camp property are checked and prepared. In particular, personnel are being trained to pass standards for physical training and classes on practicing exercises for extinguishing forest fires with the deployment of fire extinguishing equipment.

In preparation for the fire season of 2022, in the Ust-Kamenogorsk aviation department of the "Kazavialesoohrana", the personnel of the airborne fire service undergo theoretical training in special disciplines, such as:
1. Rules for the implementation of aviation works for the protection and protection of the forest fund;
2. Amphibious training;
3. Forest fire equipment and mechanisms;
4. Communication and information;
5. Forest protection and forest fire extinguishing;
6. Occupational health and safety.

Additionally, on the territory of the aviation department, the office building and other premises are cleared of snow, the aviation department is de-mothballed, fire extinguishing equipment, communications and camp property are checked and prepared. In particular, personnel are being trained to pass standards for physical training and classes on practicing exercises for extinguishing forest fires with the deployment of fire extinguishing equipment.

Saiga

Saiga, or saiga is a genus of mammalian animals that belongs to the order artiodactyls, the family of polorogi, the subfamily of true antelopes. Saiga refers to unique animals that have preserved their appearance unchanged since the time when herds of mammoths roamed the surface of the Earth. Therefore, the appearance of this artiodactyl is distinguished by a peculiar individuality, thanks to which it cannot be confused with any other mammal. They live in the steppes and semi-deserts of Kazakhstan, as well as on the territory of Russia, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and Mongolia.

Appearance

The animal has a small size and a dense build. The body of the saiga is 110-140 cm in length, 60-80 cm in height. It weighs 23-55 kg. The parameters of the females are slightly smaller. The trunk of mammals of both sexes is elongated, the legs are slender and short. There is a tail about 10 cm long and rounded ears.

A unique and characteristic part of the body for saigas is their nose. It is a movable soft proboscis. At its end are large, closely spaced nostrils. They resemble a heart. This shape of the nose helped the saiga to adapt to different conditions of the seasons. In winter, the inhaled air warms up well before entering the lungs. In summer, the nose works as a filter, purifying the air from steppe dust.

Males significantly outnumber females in weight and size. The head of males is decorated with long (on average 30 cm) and almost vertical horns of yellowish-white color with dark tips. They are translucent, slightly curved and have an irregular lyre-shaped shape. Convex transverse rings are located almost along the entire length of the horns. Females have no horns.

The fur of the saiga is sandy-red on the back and white on the belly. During the autumn molt, it becomes completely light for camouflage on the snow cover. Winter fur is taller and thicker. In the spring, it becomes rare again and turns red. This shade makes animals less noticeable against the background of steppe soils.

Behavior and nutrition

Saigas lead a nomadic lifestyle, while they gather in large herds, at the head of each herd is a leader. They leave for the deserts when the snow begins to fall, and return to the steppes with the first warm days.

The animal can perfectly adapt to both drought and cold. In general, they adapt quickly enough to new conditions for themselves, they can be on a meager diet and a small amount of water for a long time.

Herds of saiga move at a fairly high speed, weakened and sick individuals cannot keep a high pace of movement, so they often lag behind and die from the teeth of predators.

In case of danger, saigas easily gain high speed, which can reach 80 km / h.

Saigas can swim, in the process of migrations, they can cross even a deep pond or river without much difficulty.

Saigas are herbivorous animals, their diet includes more than 100 different plants. Depending on the habitat and time of year, their diet varies greatly. In spring, saigas prefer to eat: licorice, kermek, tipchak, wheatgrass, ephedra and wormwood. they satisfy their need for liquid by eating wildflowers: irises and tulips, which contain a significant amount of water.

In summer, solyanka, quinoa and some other herbs are added to their diet. In summer, grass in the steppe contains an insufficient amount of water for saigas, so they have to travel quite long distances in order to get the necessary amount of nutritious food and find reservoirs with drinkable water. Many plants that can be dangerous for humans, these animals calmly eat without suffering from poisoning.

In winter, saigas often eat lichens and cereals. If strong winds come, then these artiodactyls can starve for quite a long time, hiding from the weather or switch to coarser food, for example, reeds.

Saigas need from 3 to 6 kilograms of feed per day, so saigas are forced to constantly move, while they even feed on the move.

With the onset of cold weather, the leaders of various groups of animals often enter into fights, which can often end in death. The nomadic lifestyle also affects population movements. The pace of movement and its range is set by a strong leader. Not all individuals of the herd can match it. Therefore, many animals do not reach their destination, dying on the way.

Animals are highly adaptable to environmental conditions. They are able to survive in regions with a small amount of food and water and in such conditions they are able to exist for quite a long time. When danger approaches, they run away with the whole herd. Sick and weakened animals lag behind the herd and most often die from the attack of predators.

Animals are naturally excellent swimmers, thanks to which they are able to overcome small and medium-sized reservoirs without any problems. By nature, animals are endowed with excellent hearing, which allows them to distinguish extraneous, dangerous noises at a distance of up to several kilometers. In addition to excellent hearing, animals have a keen sense of smell, which allows them to sense changes in weather conditions, the approach of rain or snow.

Reproduction and life expectancy

The life expectancy of animals is quite low, and directly depends on gender. Males in natural conditions live no more than four to five years, the life expectancy of females reaches 10-11 years.

By nature, saigas are polygamous animals. The mating season is characterized by seasonality and lasts from November to early January. This period depends on the region of habitat. On the territory of Kazakhstan, the mating period lasts March - April. The mating period of animals lasts from 10 to 25 days. Each sexually mature forms a harem for himself, beating off from five to ten females, which are protected by male individuals from the encroachments of extraneous males.

The formed harem exists on a certain territory, with an area of 30-80 square meters. During this period, males become aggressive, often fighting for the right to enter into marital relations with one or another female. Such battles often end with severe injuries and death.

During sexual relations in males, a specific secret is secreted from the subcutaneous and abdominal skin gland. Mating most often occurs at night, during the daytime males most often rest and gain strength. It is during this period that males eat little, strength and body weight are lost. At this time, cases of saiga attacks on people were registered.

Females reach sexual maturity by the eighth month of life, males only after a year. Pregnancy lasts an average of five months. The females, who are to give birth to cubs, accumulate in one place, mainly on flat terrain with sparse, low vegetation. The body weight of a newborn cub is 3-3.5 kilograms.

During the first day, the babies lie almost motionless. After the birth of the babies, the mother goes in search of food and water, but several times a day she comes to visit her cub. Newborns grow up quite quickly and get stronger, already on the sixth or seventh day they are able to follow their mother.

Enemies

Saigas are animals that prefer to get their food during the day, so they are very vulnerable at this time of day. The main enemy can be called a wolf, from which animals can only escape by flight. Having found a large herd that was not ready for an attack, wolves can destroy up to twenty-five percent of it.

However, such natural selection is sometimes even useful. Predators can only catch up with a weak or sick individual, this allows the herd to keep only physically strong and healthy representatives in its ranks. Dogs, foxes and other animals that can catch up with the herd are also dangerous.

Cubs are the most difficult, they do not yet have the strength and speed of an adult, and saigas cannot always protect them, therefore they die more often. Not only wolves are dangerous for them, but also ferrets and even eagles.

The enemy of saigas is also a man. Expanding their borders, people take food places from animals, thereby depriving them of the most valuable thing — food. Hunting and poaching also significantly reduce the population.

Saigas are very interesting animals, possessing not only a memorable appearance, but also capable of a lot. They can survive in severe frost, go without food and water for a long time, wander in extreme heat, and walk about two hundred kilometers per day. This is perhaps the only animal on Earth that, according to Buddhist beliefs, even has its own deity who protects them.

But even such a unique beast could not escape human extermination. This species may disappear and it will be entirely our fault. Before it's too late, it's worth thinking about what kind of animal heritage we will leave to our descendants and whether there will be a saiga among them. There is still an opportunity to correct the situation and make sure that these creatures, as before, graze freely in the steppes and on the plains of the Earth.